一、時(shí)間點(diǎn)得表達(dá):
1.1、所有時(shí)間都專業(yè)表達(dá)為:小時(shí)+ 分鐘。
6:10 (six ten),8:30 (eight thirty),12:40 (twelve forty)
1.2、如果所表述得時(shí)間在半小時(shí)之內(nèi),專業(yè)用:分鐘 + past + 小時(shí),表示“幾點(diǎn)過幾分”。
4:20 (twenty past four),6:10 (ten past six),10:25 (twenty-five past ten)
1.3、如果所表述得時(shí)間超過半小時(shí),專業(yè)用:(相差得)分鐘 + to +(下一)小時(shí),表示“幾點(diǎn)差幾分”。
5:50 (ten to six),9:49 (eleven to ten),14:35 (twenty-five to fifteen)
1.4、如果所表述得時(shí)間恰為半小時(shí),專業(yè)用:half + past + 小時(shí),表示“幾點(diǎn)半”。
2:30 (half past two),11:30 (half past eleven)
1.5、如果所表述得時(shí)間和15分鐘有關(guān),就有三種表達(dá)法(15分鐘又叫一刻鐘/a quarter):
3:45 (three forty-five; fifteen to four; a quarter to four)
9:15 (nine fifteen; fifteen past nine; a quarter past nine)
1.6、整點(diǎn)得表達(dá):
現(xiàn)在是兩點(diǎn)整。It's two. / It's two o'clock. 注:noon和midnight 可分別直接表示白天和夜晚得12點(diǎn)。
It's (twelve) noon. 現(xiàn)在是中午十二點(diǎn)。
It's (twelve) midnight. 現(xiàn)在是半夜零點(diǎn)。
1.7、大約得時(shí)間:
It's almost two. 馬上到兩點(diǎn)了。
It's not quite two. 還不到兩點(diǎn)。
It's just after two. 剛過兩點(diǎn)。
1.8、若想表達(dá)上午,可在時(shí)間后加上a.m. (ante meridiem),若想表達(dá)下午,可在時(shí)間后加上p.m.(post meridiem)。
如:thirteen past six a.m.(上午六點(diǎn)十三分),four o'clock p.m.(下午四點(diǎn))
二、年、月、日得表達(dá):
2.1、年份
① 讀年份時(shí)一般分為兩個(gè)單位來讀,前兩個(gè)數(shù)為一個(gè),后兩個(gè)數(shù)為一個(gè)。
1949 讀作:nineteen forty-nine或nineteen hundred and forty-nine
② 如果是三位數(shù),先讀第壹位,再把后兩個(gè)數(shù)合起來讀。
253 讀作:two fifty-three或two hundred and fifty-three
③ 另外, 2000 讀作:two thousand,1902 讀作:nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen O two(中間為字母O)
④ 如果要使用year,year放在數(shù)詞之前
例如:in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年
附:年初/年末得表達(dá)法有兩種:early/late 1962,the beginning/end of 1962。
2.2、月份
月份是專有名詞,除了五月份外均有縮寫形式。注意:縮寫形式后面得點(diǎn)不能省略,因?yàn)樗潜硎究s寫形式得符號(hào)。
一月:January - Jan.
二月:February - Feb.
三月:March - Mar.
四月:April - Apr.
五月:May
六月:June - Jun.
七月:July - Jul.
八月:August - Aug.
九月:September - Sep.
十月:October - Oct.
十一月:November - Nov.
十二月:December - Dec.
附:月初/月末得表達(dá)方法有兩種:early/late March,the beginning/end of March.
2.3、日期:
用序數(shù)詞表示
例:十月一日專業(yè)寫作:October 1,October 1st, 1 October, 1st October, (the) 1st of October@,其中得October都專業(yè)寫成縮寫形式Oct.
讀作:October the first或the first of October
2.4、年月日綜合應(yīng)用:
① 月\日\(chéng)年(美式表達(dá))
例:2002年1月17日
寫作:January 17(th), 2002或January seventeenth, 2002 (日和年之間需用逗號(hào)隔開)
讀作:January the seventeenth, two thousand and two
②日\(chéng)月\年(英式表達(dá))
例:2002年1月17日
寫作:17(th) January, 2002或the seventeenth of January, 2002 (月和年之間需用逗號(hào)隔開)
讀作:the seventeenth of January, two thousand and two
三、季節(jié)、星期、時(shí)辰得表達(dá):
3.1、spring(春天),summer(夏天),autumn(秋天),winter(冬天)
3.2、Monday(星期一),Tuesday(星期二),Wednesday(星期三),Thursday(星期四),F(xiàn)riday(星期五),Saturday(星期六),Sunday(星期天),weekend(周末)
3.3、一天中得各個(gè)時(shí)辰(按順序):
twilight 日落后或日出前得微明
dawn 天剛亮?xí)r得黎明
sunrise 日出
morning 早晨
noon 中午
midday 正午
afternoon 下午
sunset 日落
dusk 接近夜晚得黃昏時(shí)刻
evening 晚上(日落到入睡之間得時(shí)間段)
night 夜晚(日落到日出或黃昏到拂曉時(shí)間段)
midnight 午夜,夜半
注:morning, afternoon和evening介詞用in,如:in the morning。其余介詞均用at,如:at twilight, at sunset, at night。
四、世紀(jì)、年代得表達(dá):
4.1、世紀(jì):
①用“定冠詞+序數(shù)詞+century”表示
例:在十七世紀(jì)寫作:in the 17thcentury,讀作:in the seventeenth century
②用“定冠詞+百位進(jìn)數(shù)+s”表示
例:在十七世紀(jì)寫作:in the 1600s,讀作:in the sixteen hundreds
(注意:這種情況下,實(shí)際表達(dá)得世紀(jì)數(shù)是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字本身加1。如2018年不是20世紀(jì),而是21世紀(jì))
4.2、年代
用“定冠詞+(世紀(jì)百位進(jìn)數(shù)+十位年代數(shù))+s”表示
例:在二十世紀(jì)三十年代寫作:in the1930s,讀作:in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties
表示某年代得早期、中期和晚期,專業(yè)在定冠詞后添加early, mid-和late。
例如:
在二十世紀(jì)二十年代早期 in the early 1920s;
在二十世紀(jì)五十年代中期 in the mid-1950s
五、時(shí)間介詞得使用:
若指在哪年或哪月,用介詞in;若具體到某一天,用介詞on;在幾點(diǎn)鐘或者某個(gè)時(shí)刻,用at。例如:
She was born in 1989.
She was born in August.
She was born on 2nd August, 1989.
She goes to school at seven every day.
六、詢問時(shí)間得方法:
1、What time用來詢問某一具體時(shí)間或幾點(diǎn)鐘。
如:What time do you get up? --- I get up at 6:00.
2、What day用來詢問星期幾。
如:What day is it today? --- Today is Friday.
3、When用來詢問某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間,也可詢問某一段時(shí)間,意思是:什嗎時(shí)候。
如:When will he go to Beijing? --- He will go to Beijing next week.
4、How long用來詢問某一段時(shí)間,意思是:多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
如:How long did it take your father to finish the work? --- It took my father three weeks to finish the work.
5、How soon用來詢問將來得某一時(shí)間,意思是:多久(以后)。
如:How soon will he finish the work? --- He will finish the work in a week.
6、How often用來詢問頻度,意思是:多久一次。常見得頻度詞語(yǔ)有:always(總是),usually(通常),often(經(jīng)常),sometimes(有時(shí)),never(從不),once a day(一天一次),twice a week(一星期兩次),three times a month(一個(gè)月三次)@。
如:How often does Fenny clean her rooms? --- Fenny cleans her rooms once a week.